Many people insure their homes, cars, and health, but overlook their most valuable asset—their ability to earn an income. If an injury or illness prevents you from working, disability insurance can replace lost income and protect your financial future. But how much coverage do you actually need? Understanding the basics can help you avoid common gaps and make smart decisions.
Disability insurance pays a portion of your income—usually between 50 and 70 percent—if a qualifying illness or injury prevents you from working. It helps you stay on top of essential expenses such as rent or mortgage payments, groceries, medical bills, and utilities. There are two main types of coverage. Short-term disability insurance typically covers three to six months, while long-term coverage can last several years or even until retirement.
To determine how much coverage you need, start by calculating your monthly expenses. Include housing, food, utilities, debt payments, childcare, and insurance. Then compare that amount with the income you would lose if you could no longer work. If you live paycheck to paycheck or your household depends on your income, you may need a higher level of protection.
Next, review what you already have. Many employers offer group disability insurance, but the benefits may fall short. Some plans cap payouts or cover only a percentage of your base salary, excluding bonuses or commissions. If your employer pays for the policy, your benefits could also be taxed, reducing your net payout even further.
Before buying or updating a policy, pay close attention to the details. Review how the policy defines disability. Some cover you if you can’t work in your current occupation, while others only pay if you can’t work in any occupation. Understand how long you have to wait before benefits begin and how long they will last. Check for any coverage limitations or exclusions that might affect your situation.
Relying on government programs like Social Security Disability Insurance may not provide enough support. Qualifying can take time, and monthly benefits often fall short of covering living expenses. Private disability insurance gives you more flexibility and often pays more quickly and reliably.
Think beyond survival. If you want to maintain your current lifestyle, save for retirement, or support your family’s goals, you need enough coverage to support more than just the basics. A serious illness or injury can derail long-term plans if you don’t have the right protection in place.
Disability insurance protects your income, your independence, and your future. If you haven’t reviewed your coverage recently, now is the time. Make sure your policy reflects your actual needs and gives you confidence that you could weather an unexpected interruption in your ability to work. A financial advisor or insurance specialist can help you review your options and make sure your plan fits your goals.